Yom Kippur War Essay Example For Students

Yom Kippur War Essay International Effects of the Yom Kippur WarThe Arab-Israeli War of 1973 was an armed conflict between Israel and the Arab countries of Egypt and Syria, fought during the month of October 1973. Egypt and Syria initiated the conflict to regain territories that Israel had occupied since the Six-Day War of 1967. Although both sides suffered heavy losses during the 1973 war, Israel retained control of the territories. Because the conflict began on the Jewish holiday of Yom Kippur and took place during the Muslim holy month of Ramadan, the war is also called the Yom Kippur War by Israelis and the Ramadan War or the October War by Arabs.Although it brought about no significant changes to territorial boundaries, the 1973 war and its aftermath had far-ranging effects on the participant nations and their relations with world superpowers. Egypt moved steadily away from the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), which had provided military and economic aid to Egypt since the 1950s, and into a closer relationship with the United States. Syria emerged from the war as the staunchest defender of Arab rights and the closest Middle Eastern ally of the USSR. In Israel, the war increased criticism of the countrys leaders, who eventually resigned. Finally, the war signaled an increased commitment by the United States to negotiate and guarantee Arab-Israeli agreements. Such agreements would center on the return of Israeli-held lands to Arab control, in exchange for Arab recognition of Israel and security guarantees.The long-standing conflict between Jews and Arabs over control of historic Palestine had resulted in wars in 1948, 1956, and 1967. The Arab opposition to the Jewish state of Israel included neighboring Arab states and, after 1964, the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), a political body working to create a state for Palestinian Arabs. In the Six-Day War of 1967, Israel gained control of the Sinai Peninsula and Gaza Strip, previously controlled by Egypt; the Gola n Heights, formerly belonging to Syria; and the West Bank and East Jerusalem, formerly administered by Jordan. Later that year, the United Nations (UN) adopted a resolution calling for Israeli withdrawal from these areas in exchange for Arab recognition of Israels independence and security. However, neither side met these conditions, and cross-border attacks and reprisals continued. In 1969 Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser launched a campaign on the Suez Canal known as the War of Attrition. The conflict, which did not escalate into a full-scale war, ended with a U.S.-brokered cease-fire in 1970.In the early 1970s Nassers successor, Anwar al-Sadat, pushed for Israeli withdrawal through diplomatic means, while simultaneously preparing Egypts military for war. Each year the UN passed resolutions calling for Israeli withdrawal from the occupied territories. Israel refused to withdraw, and the United States suffered criticism from the international community for its support of Israe l. Meanwhile, the stalemate continued. Arab nations generally refused to negotiate until Israel withdrew. Israel, which refused to withdraw without guarantees of peace and security, fortified its positions in the occupied Arab territories.Neither the United States nor Israel believed that Arab forces could challenge Israels proven military power. The USSR, which had supported the Arab nations during previous wars with Israel and had resupplied Egypt militarily, knew that Egypt was preparing for war, but underestimated Sadats commitment to use a military option against Israel. Furthermore, neither Washington nor Moscow was fully aware of the profound differences in policy between the Egyptian and Syrian leaders. Although the ultimate goal for both leaders was to regain their territories from Israel, Sadat was willing to combine military means with the initiation of a diplomatic process, whereas Syrian president Hafez al-Assad did not want to sign any agreement with Israel that might recognize Israels legitimacy. Sadat, unlike Assad, also was willing to orient Egypts foreign policy away from the USSR and toward the United States. With mounting economic pressures at home, Sadat believed that the United States, rather than the USSR, would help Egypt more in the long term.Despite these differences, mutual frustration and impatience with the diplomatic status quo led Sadat and Assad to plan an attack in collusion. 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Real Irish Republican Army (IRA) Profile

Real Irish Republican Army (IRA) Profile The Real IRA was formed in 1997 when the Provisional IRA entered into negotiations for a ceasefire with Northern Ireland unionists. Two members of the PIRA Executive, Michael McKevitt and a fellow Executive member and common law wife Bernadette Sands-McKevitt, are the core of the new group. Real IRA Principles The Real IRA rejected the principle of non-violent resolution that formed the basis of the ceasefire negotiations. This principle has been stated in the six Mitchell principles and the Belfast Agreement, which would be signed in 1998. Real IRA members also objected to the division of Ireland into a southern independent Republic and Northern Ireland. They wanted an undivided Irish republic with no compromise with Unionists – those who wanted to join in a union with the United Kingdom.   A Violent Approach The Real IRA used terrorist tactics on a regular basis to hit economic targets as well as specific symbolic human targets. Improvised explosive devices and car bombs were typical weapons. The Real IRA was responsible for the Omagh bombing on August 15, 1998. The attack in the center of the Northern Irish town killed 29 people and wounded between 200 and 300 others. Reports of injuries vary. The devastating attack prompted severe hostility toward RIRA, even from Sinn Fein leaders Martin McGuinness and Gerry Adams. McKevitt was convicted for directing terrorism in 2003 for his participation in the attack. Other members were arrested in France and Ireland in 2003. The group also involved itself in hunt-and-kill missions aimed at drug dealers and organized crime.   The Real IRA in the Millennium Although the Real IRA fractured considerably with the passage of time, MI5 – the UKs intelligence agency – called it the UKs primary threat in July  2008 based on surveillance evidence. MI5 estimated that the group had about 80 members  as of July 2008, all willing to conduct bombings or other attacks. Then, in 2012, the splintering RIRA merged with other terrorist groups with the goal of forming what the new group called a unified structure under a single leadership. The move is said to have been prompted by McGuinness shaking hands with Queen Elizabeth. In keeping with RIRAs vigilante efforts against drug dealers, one of these groups was Radical Action Against Drugs or RAAD.   Both RIRA and the media have referred to the group as the New IRA since this joining of forces. The New IRA has said that it intends to target British forces, police and the Ulster Bank headquarters. The Irish Times called it the deadliest of the dissident republican groupings in 2016, and its been active in recent years. The group detonated a bomb in front of the home of a Londonderry, England police officers home in February 2016. Another police officer was attacked in January 2017, and the New IRA is reportedly behind a series of shootings in Belfast, including that of a 16-year-old boy.

Biography of the Great Newspaper Publisher Joseph Pulitzer

Biography of the Great Newspaper Publisher Joseph Pulitzer Joseph Pulitzer was one of the most influential figures in the American journalism in the late 19th century. A Hungarian immigrant who learned the newspaper business in the Midwest following the Civil War, he purchased the failing New York World and transformed it into one of the leading papers in the country. In a century known for raucous journalism which included the introduction of the penny press, Pulitzer became known, along with William Randolph Hearst, as a purveyor of yellow journalism. He had a keen sense of what the public wanted, and sponsoring events like the around-the-world trip of intrepid female reporter Nellie Bly made his newspaper extraordinarily popular. Though Pulitzers own newspaper was often criticized, the most prestigious award in American journalism, the Pulitzer Prize, is named for him. Early Life Joseph Pulitzer was born April 10, 1847, the son of a prosperous grain dealer in Hungary. After his fathers death, the family faced grave financial problems, and Joseph chose to emigrate to America. Arriving in America in 1864, at the height of the Civil War, Pulitzer enlisted in the Union cavalry. At the end of the war, Pulitzer left the Army and was among the many jobless veterans. He survived by taking a variety of menial jobs until he found a job as a reporter at a German-language newspaper published in St. Louis, Missouri, by Carl Schurz, a noted German exile. By 1869 Pulitzer had proven himself to be highly industrious and he was thriving in St. Louis. He became a member of the bar (though his law practice was not successful), and an American citizen. He became very interested in politics and ran successfully for the Missouri state legislature. Pulitzer bought a newspaper, the St. Louis Post in 1872. He made it profitable, and in 1878 he purchased the failed St. Louis Dispatch, which he merged with the Post. The combined St. Louis Post Dispatch became profitable enough to encourage Pulitzer to expand to a much larger market. Pulitzers Arrival In New York City In 1883 Pulitzer traveled to New York City and purchased the troubled New York World from Jay Gould, a notorious robber baron. Gould had been losing money on the newspaper and was happy to be rid of it. Pulitzer was soon turning the World around and making it profitable. He sensed what the public wanted, and directed the editors to concentrate on human interest stories, lurid tales of big city crime, and scandals. Under Pulitzer’s direction, the World established itself as the newspaper of the common people  and it generally supported the rights of workers. In the late 1880s, Pulitzer employed the adventurous female reporter Nellie Bly. In a triumph of reporting and promotion, Bly circled the globe in 72 days, with the World documenting every step of her startling journey. The Circulation Wars During the era of yellow journalism, in the 1890s, Pulitzer found himself engaged in a circulation war with rival publisher William Randolph Hearst, whose New York Journal proved to be a formidable challenger to the World. After battling with Hearst, Pulitzer tended to draw back from sensationalism and began advocating for more responsible journalism. However, he tended to defend sensationalist coverage by asserting that it was important to catch the public’s attention in order to make them aware of important issues. Pulitzer had a long history of health problems, and his failing eyesight led him to be surrounded by a number of employees who helped him function. He also suffered from a nervous ailment which was exaggerated by sound, so he tried to stay, as much as possible, in soundproof rooms. His eccentricities became legendary. In 1911, while visiting Charleston, South Carolina aboard his yacht, Pulitzer died. He left a bequest to found a journalism school at Columbia University, and the Pulitzer Prize, the most prestigious award in journalism, was named in his honor.

Nursing Practice Foundation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Nursing Practice Foundation - Essay Example This essay approves that neatness and cleanliness can't be achieved without the total support of those who must be neat and clean. If the nursing service provider (the nurse) feels forced to behave against her or his will or beliefs, they tend to focus on the lousy way they're being treated rather than on delighting the customer. And they almost have to pass their feelings on to the patient because the service is inseparable from the (nurse) provider. The typical patient isn't pleased with poor, inadequate service or even adequate service if it's delivered by a grouch. The resulting damage to the image of the organization in such instances is expensive and wide ranging. It's also unnecessary. employees can't be empowered by management from on high. They have to accept the power offered, which means there must be something in it for them. It seems to us that, because quality is viewed by patients as including tangibles, the nursing profession itself must demand appropriate attention b e given to tangibles. As research has repeatedly indicated, professionals, whether nurses, engineers, or teachers, generally identify more closely with the profession than with the specific organization they serve. This report makes a conclusion that management should work through the nurses themselves to set customer-determined levels of tangibles for nursing. Encourage the nurses to set the metrics to close the loop, together with a process of feedback and analysis and providing incentives aligned with the agreed-upon goals. Then hold nurses accountable as a team and individually, rewarding results appropriately.

History of west coast swing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

History of west coast swing - Essay Example Various authors trace the origin of the West Coast Swing from various places. Nonetheless, P. Wright and J. Wright identify the original roots of this dance from the Jazz era of the 1920s with the style first known as the jitterburg, which was inspired by the boogie-woogie (109). At the same time, a Latin American dance style, called the lindy, evolved with the dancing style interchanging  into patterns that were similar to various steps of the jitterburg to involve â€Å"a single step, a delayed step, or a step taken on each slow count† typical of a swing although called the lindy (P. Wright and J. Wright 109). Following this development, bands that were performing the lindy became famous in the 1930s and 1940s, which consequently contributed to the renaming of the dance style as the swing dance. Importantly, the dance survived the rock ‘n’ roll era of the 1950s and 1960s (P. Wright and J. Wright 109). From this singular form of the swing dance, two forms of swing emerged. The East Coast swing and the West Coast swing were the  new  dance styles with the West Coast swing being the most popular dance style then and in the contemporary society. The West Coast swing is characterized by slot dancing, which â€Å"uses both six- and eight-count patterns done to either medium or slow tempos† (P. Wright and J. Wright 109). Overtime, the West Coast swing  dancing style  has evolved to various forms. In its previous form, the dance was primarily a man’s dance with the follower following the steps in the presentation. Currently, both dancers have a responsibility over the movements involved in the presentation (Blair). On the other hand, the classic form of West Coast swing has evolved into a dance that is characterized by elongated slot, timed pulsing that is chilling, controlled timing of steps, and critical movements that result to a more

Jackson as a President: Yesterday and Today :: American America History

Jackson as a President: Yesterday and Today The Andrew Jackson Administration, from 1829 to 1837, was very important in American history. A self-made man, Jackson exemplified republican virtues by restraining a centralized government and promoting the powers of the people. His administration left a lasting impact on American politics. With his extreme usage of the presidential veto, Jackson strengthened the executive branch and rendered it equal in power to the legislative branch. These Jacksonian ideals of decentralized government can still be seen in politics to this day. Jackson was the first American president to have come from the frontier society of the American West. He was a "one-generation aristocrat" (Hoftstedder, 58) whose ambitions were to be wealthy and receive military glory rather than have political power (although military glory is a good way to gain popular support and political power). Jackson gained 'national hero' status after his military victory at the Battle of New Orleans. This victory, along with wounds from his participation in the Revolutionary War, gave him the popular support he needed for a strong presidency. Although Jackson lost in his first attempt at the Presidency, he quickly learned from his mistakes and won the election of 1828 by 95 electoral votes (Norton, 359). During his administration Jackson was faced with many key issues, of which the Nullification crisis is an example. This was a crisis over the doctrine of nullification, which was being strongly pushed by South Carolina. According to this doctrine, the state had the right to nullify government legislature that was inconsistent with its own. This doctrine was not used until 1832 when a new tariff was imposed that would reduce some duties but retain high taxes on many imports. The south felt this tariff would make them pay for northern industrialism, and they did not want to succumb to the will of the North. Jackson was against this theory of Nullification because he was a strong supporter of the Union. He took action against this by publicly 'nullifying nullification' and by moving troops into South Carolina to help the federal marshals collect the unpaid duties. Finally a compromise tariff was passed in 1833 which increased the number of duty free items and reduced other duties. Jacks on's decisive actions in the Nullification crisis helped define the powers of the central government more clearly, they made it clear to the states that he would not suffer their tyranny, which might break up the Republic, just as the States would not tolerate a tyrannical central government.

Paraphrasing

Paraphrase the following extracts taken from the short stories by Kaki and Dylan Thomas we read last week. 1 )Although he was scarcely yet out of his teens, the Duke of CSCW was already marked out as a personality widely differing from others of his caste and period. Not in externals; therein he conformed correctly to type. His hair was faintly reminiscent of Habitant, and at the other end of him his shoes exhaled the right SOUPÇON of harness-room; his socks compelled one's attention without losing one's respect; and his attitude in repose had just that suggestion of Whistler's other, so becoming in the really young.It was within that the trouble lay, if trouble it could be accounted, which marked him apart from his fellows. The Duke was religious. Not in any of the ordinary senses of the word; he took small heed of High Church or Evangelical standpoints, he stood outside of all the movements and missions and cults and crusades of the day, uncaring and uninterested. Yet in a myst ical- practical way of his own, which had served him unscathed and unshaken through the fickle years of boyhood, he was Intensely and Intensively religious. HIS Emily were naturally, though unobtrusively, distressed about It. L am so afraid It may affect his bridge,† said his mother. ( taken from â€Å"The Ministers of Grace† by Kaki) ? The Duke of CSCW had a marked personality that The verb â€Å"defer† Is Intransitive him from others of his caste and period. He was the right to his type not only for himself but also for the externals. He was so alike of Habitant and his shoes showed a bit of the harness-room; one's attention was wrong verb pattern to his socks without any restriction; and he had such an attitude, as the youth had, like the one in the Whistler's mother.The trouble was himself, and that was the reason why he was apart from his fellows. The Duke was so religious that he paved special attention distortion to the High Church or Evangelical standpoin ts, standing outside of all the movements, missions, cults and crusades with indifference and disinterest. Moreover, he was religious In an intensely and Intensively? No paraphrasing here. Ay of his own. HIS family were very whereabouts It, but In a careful sense, that his mother said: â€Å"I am very anxious because it may affect his relations. )Len the middle of the night I woke from a dream full of whips and lariats as long as serpents, and runaway coaches and mountain passes, and wide, windy gallops over cactus fields, and I heard the old man in the next room crying, â€Å"Gee-up! † and â€Å"Whoa! † and trotting his tongue on the roof of his mouth. It was the first time I had stayed in grandpa's house. The floorboards had squeaked like mice as I climbed into bed, and the mice between the walls had creaked Like wood as though another violators was walking on them.It was a mild summer night, but curtains had flapped and branches eaten against the window. I had pull ed the sheets over my head, and soon was roaring and riding in a book. â€Å"Whoa there, my beauties! † cried grandpa. His voice sounded very young and loud, and his tongue had powerful hooves, and he made his bedroom Into a great meadow. I thought I would see If he was Ill, or had set his bedclothes on fire, for my mother had said that he lit his pipe under the blankets, 1 OFF through the darkness to his bedroom door, brushing against the furniture and upsetting a candlestick with a thump.When I saw there was light in the room I felt righted, and as I opened the door I heard grandpa shout, â€Å"Gee-up! † as loudly as a bull with a megaphone. He was sitting straight up in bed and rocking from side to side as though the bed were on a rough road and the knotted edges of the counterpane were his reins; his invisible horses stood in a shadow beyond the bedside candle. Over a white flannel nightshirt he was wearing a red waistcoat with walnut-sized brass buttons. The overf illed bowl of his pipe smoldered along his whiskers like a little, burning hayrick on a stick.At the sight of me, his hands dropped room the reins and lay blue and quiet, the bed stopped still on a level road, he muffled his tongue into silence, and the horses drew softly up. â€Å"Is there anything the matter, grandpa? † I asked, though the clothes were not on fire. His face in the candlelight looked like a ragged quilt pinned upright on the black air and patched all over with goat-beards. (Taken from â€Å"A Visit to Grandpa ‘s† by Dylan Thomas) Late at night I woke from a strange dream full of strange things related to horses, serpents, coaches and mountains, and then listened to the old man shouting, â€Å"Go faster! And â€Å"Stop! † and making a kind of a sound with his tongue. As it was the first time I had stayed in grandpa's house, I noticed every single sound like the squeak of the floorboards when I climbed into bed or the mice inside the walls , they creaked as if there was somebody else there. Although the summer night was mild, the curtains had flapped and the windows were beaten by the branches. I covered my head with the sheets and shortly I was roaring and riding in a book. Poor paraphrasing â€Å"Stop, my beauties! â€Å", shouted grandpa.His voice was like a young man's voice while his ensue made the sound of the hooves, and his bedroom was like a great meadow. I thought I would see if he was k as my mother told me he had the habit to smoke his pipe under the blankets and may be bedclothes set on fire, so I should run to his help if I smelt smoke in the night. I walked silently towards his bedroom, touching the furniture and threw a candlestick with a bump. There was light in his bedroom and I fleet frightened but when I opened the door I could hear grandpa shouting, â€Å"Go faster! † in such a loud voice as he could.He was sitting in bed rocking from side to did as the bed were a road full of wells and h e was holding the imaginary reins while his invisible horses rose behind the bedside candle. Besides his pajamas, he was wearing a red waistcoat with brass buttons. His overfilled pipe was burning along his beard. When he saw me, his hands laid blue and quiet, dropping the reins, the bed stopped its movement, he stopped the noise with his tongue and the horses arrived softly. â€Å"Is everything k, grandpa? â€Å", I asked, despite there was no fire on the bedroom. Under the candlelight, his face looked like an old cover all patched with goat beards.