How Attitudes And Behavior Influence One Another - 1777 Words

How Attitudes and Behavior Influence one Another Wayne Champagnie Post University The paper summarizes how attitudes are changed through persuasion and also describe how attitudes and behavior influence one another. Excerpts for this paper have been taken from various articles and some from my own lifestyle to give you the reader a personalize feel. Hopefully this task is accomplished and you the reader get a good understanding of my message. We hold an intricate relationship between attitudes and behavior that can be further complicated by a social factor influencing them both. Behaviors at times reflect established belief and attitudes. An example of this is if a person believes strongly in abstinence before marriage, he/ she may choose to remain that way until their wedding night. Yet some men may engage in premarital sex although he may not believe in sex before marriage because of being influenced by his friends saying he needs to have sex to be a real man. When behavior is inconsistent with attitude it is normally because of peer pressure. Adult behaviors normally happen because of held attitudes while children attitudes are shaped from what they observe. We know the saying that a child’s mind is like a sponge, it soaks up everything. This plays true as children copies the actions of others from a very young age. As children grow up, the behavior of their peers can have a drastic impact on them. This is where peer pressure can play a great rollShow MoreRelatedSocial Learning Theory Essay1057 Words   |  5 Pageswhich people acquire new info, forms of behavior, or attitudes from others firsthand or vicariously. The likelihood of a behavior presenting itself will rely on the amount of reinforcement it receives and the value that the individual associates to it. While some behavior may be rewarded, others may produce unfavorable responses. An individual will learn from the consequences of these actions and when a similar situatio n arises, they will alter their behavior according to what was most successful inRead MoreSocial Psychology : Psychological Psychology1658 Words   |  7 PagesMost people will ask what is social psychology, what shapes our attitudes, what do they do, and what is the income of a social psychologist? Social psychology is important because people have gone through depression and anxiety. A social psychology can help one recover from the inside pain. Social psychology is a discipline that uses scientific methods to explain how the brain works, feelings and behavior of individuals are influenced by the actual, imagined or implied presence of other humanRead MoreSocial Psychology: The Study of Influences Essay1420 Words   |  6 Pagesunderstand behavior. Rather it is a mother trying to understand her son adamant dislike for broccoli, or a psychologist trying to understand criminal behavior, â€Å"why† has always been a question that has been explored. Psychology, or the study of â€Å"why†, has been attempting to answer such questions for centuries. Although there are many answers (reflected in the number of schools of psychology), Social psychology attempts to explain the environmental factors that lead to a person behavior. By definitionRead MoreObedience And Authority, By Stanley Milgram1156 Words   |  5 Pageseffort to contrast the influences of people in regard to thinking, awareness, feelings, actions, atti tudes, and behavior. Society tends to form responses from how one person’s actions ultimately causes various stereotypes and prejudices to be generated. Obedience to Authority by Stanley Milgram, discusses various subjects such as impression, stereotypes and prejudices, attribution, attitudes, social influence, attraction, obedience and authority, groups, and helping behavior. Milgram explains, â€Å"ARead MoreCognitive1722 Words   |  7 Pagescompletely different. A person’s attitude and behavior can influence each other; a person’s surrounds will also have an impact on how the person is. An example of this can be seen in a person committing a crime such as shoplifting, the person knows this is illegal and not moral but in the right situation the person may forget his or her moral upbringing and commit the crime any way. Influences on the individual can be overpowering, causing the person to behave or act in an attitude different from the person’sRead MoreSocial Psychology : An Individual1117 Words   |  5 Pagesessay. Specific subjects such as attitudes, group behaviors, and other related sources will be cited throughout this essay. Some of the research methods used in social psychology to determine how individuals affect groups or how groups affect an individual will be discussed in this essay. Keywords: group behaviors, social cognition, attitudes, prejudice and discrimination Social Psychology Social psychology is the branch of psychology which studies the behavior of an individual in the society.Read MoreCognitive Dissonance1475 Words   |  6 PagesFestinger shared his brilliance with the world when he created the Cognitive Dissonance theory. Cognitive dissonance refers to a situation involving conflicting attitudes, beliefs, or behaviors (McLeod, 2008). Cognitive dissonance produces an uncomfortable tension of discomfort leading to an alteration in one of the attitudes, beliefs, or behaviors to reduce the discomfort and restore balance. Situation In the United States, over two-thirds of the workers who call inRead MorePsychology, Risk and Safety: Factors Influencing Risk Perception of Ironworkers1058 Words   |  5 PagesIn his article, Mr. Dominic Cooper highlights four important factors that influence the perception of risk. Risk perceptions are determined by people’s personality, behavior, attitude, and situations (Cooper, 2003). However, a person’s personality and the situation encountered directly influence risk perceptions while the other factors have a contributing role. Personality, for instance, is considered by the author as one of the main factors influencing the way people perceive risk. There are severalRead MoreHealth Behavior Theory Essay1156 Words   |  5 PagesHEALTH BEHAVIOR THEORY An individuals attitude towards his health influences his capacity to maintain an optimum level of health, prevent illness or recover from a disease. Understanding patients attitude towards his condition is the key to establishing an effective health-related program for health promotion, disease prevention and disease management. Hence, different health behavior theories have emerged. All of these are designed to help the patient and his family to facilitate learningRead MoreThe Theory Of Reasoned Action1529 Words   |  7 Pagesboth Martin Fishbein and Icek Ajzen, and it is one of the three classic persuasion models of psychology, and is also used in communication discourse as a theory of understanding persuasive messages. It explains the relationship between attitudes and behaviors with human action. This theory is also used to predict how people will behave based on his/hers pre-existing attitudes and behavioral intentions. The decision to engage in a particular behavior is bas ed on the outcomes the individual expects

Essay about Burberry Strategic Analysis - 3193 Words

Table of Contents Executive Summary1 Strategic Review A)Strategic analysis of Burberry i. Environmental Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦1-3 ii. Resources and competence analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.3-4 iii. Purpose/culture/stakeholder analysis4 B) Recommendation for future development i. Three options suggested using TOWS Matrix5-6 ii. Chosen strategic option6 Appendices and Bibliography7-13 Executive Summary This report is a strategic review of Burberry PLC and analyses the Environmental factors that surround the business. It looks into Resource, competence and culture analysis. Each section analyses Burberry and critiques the models. A SWOT analysis and TOWS matrix are then formed to outline three†¦show more content†¦Burberry has many rivals and with the increased number of firms it leads to increased competition. In terms of potential entrants there is low threat as there is a high barrier of entry because of high fixed costs. In terms of substitutes Burberry has a low to medium threat as they are competing well with other substitutes such as River Island and EBay. Burberry do over rely on a few suppliers which gives these companies high power. In order to reduce power exercised by suppliers Burberry maintains close links and monitors there financial performance (Markets and Risks, 2010). Finally buyers have high power over Burberry as if most products are similar to competi tors the buyer will base purchase on price. This increases competition, resulting in lower prices and lower profitability. When using this model for analytical purposes it must be considered it is based on a classic model market and considers a static market. Todays dynamic markets ‘technological breakthroughs and dynamic market entrants can completely change business models (Dagmar Recklies, 2001) Resources and Competence analysis With reference to appendix 3 Financial Resources- In the financial year of 2009/2010 Burberry made $1,280 million in revenue and a profit of $550.7 million. Burberry are in a good financial state despite the economic downturn. The average number of ordinary shares in issue during the year 2009/2010 was 432.6 million. They have $372.6 million in fixed assetsShow MoreRelatedStrategic Analysis Burberry4740 Words   |  19 PagesBUSINESS FINANCE Strategic Development at Burberry Student Name: Madhumalesh Prakash Student ID: A4036664 Submission Date: 4th November, 2011 Intake: MBA Batch 8A Module Name: Strategic Planning Module Code: SP Assignment Title: Longitudinal Strategic Development Study Word Count: 4044 Table of Contents 1. Recent past to the present: 3 1.1. Introduction 3 1.2. Business 3 1.3. Leadership and culture at Burberry 4 1.4. Strategies deployed 4 2. The Strategic Position 6 2.1. Macro-EnvironmentRead MoreStrategic Analysis Burberry4734 Words   |  19 Pages FINANCE Strategic Development at Burberry Student Name: Madhumalesh Prakash Student ID: A4036664 Submission Date: 4th November, 2011 Intake: MBA Batch 8A Module Name: Strategic Planning Module Code: SP Assignment Title: Longitudinal Strategic Development Study Word Count: 4044 Table of Contents 1. Recent past to the present: 3 1.1. Introduction 3 1.2. Business 3 1.3. Leadership and culture at Burberry 4 1.4. Strategies deployed 4 2. The Strategic Position 6 2Read MoreMarketing Analysis : Burberry Plc1380 Words   |  6 Pagesmarket place for high-end brands. This report will analyze how Burberry PLC has become an international phenomenon and what strategies it uses to survive in such a hyper competitive market. To do this, this report will examine and highlight key areas such as the type of the brand, branding strategy, positioning of the brand, brand image Vs. the brand identity, degree of the brand loyalty and brand awareness. Also PESTLE and SWOT analysis has been given to understand the external and internal environmentRead MoreBurberry Analysis of the Competitive Environment1014 Words   |  5 PagesBurberry Analysis of the competitive environment The aim of this essay is to provide brief and structured analysis of the competitive environment of a Burberry. RENATA GECAN MILEK 19.11.2012 Professional MBA Business Core 2012-2014 Competitive Analysis and Strategy Business Core Class 3 1. Introduction The aim of this essay is to provide brief and structured analysis of the competitive environment of a Burberry. In the first part I will briefly present luxury goods sector, trends,Read MoreDeveloping A Strategy Is The Long -term Direction Of The Business1312 Words   |  6 Pages(freedman) Burberrys strategic themes are: Leveraging the franchise, intensify accessories, accelerate retail led growth, invest in underpenetrated markets and pursue operational excellence. (Burberry 2014) 2.0.1Corporate strategy â€Å"Corporate level strategy is concerned with the overall scope of an organisation and how value is added to the constituent business of the organisational whole. This includes geographical coverage, diversity of products, mergers and how resources are allocate. Burberry usedRead MoreMarketing Communications Plan For Burberry1712 Words   |  7 Pagesclear marketing plan for Burberry. Overview of Burberry Founded in 1856 in England, Burberry denotes a luxurious fashion brand operating in the fashion and clothing industry of UK. The company has been effectively catering its products to fulfil the needs of the targeted customers that have enabled it to acquire international presence as well (Burberry Website, 2014). The competitors of Burberry include Polo, Armani, Coach and Gucci. According to Morning Star (2014), Burberry has achieved massive growthRead MoreStrategic Marketing at Burberry3611 Words   |  15 Pagesplanning and developing a strategy. 3 2.1. The formation of Burberry’s new strategic business plan . 3 2.2. Business strategy, vision and mission 4 2.3.1. Successful strategy and achieving the goals based on analysis. 5 2.3.2. Vision and mission 7 2. Protect, Explore and Inspire. Burberry values. 8 3.3. Values 8 3.4. Classification of Burberry values. 8 3.5.3. Protect 8 3.5.4. Explore Read MoreSwot Analysis of Burberry3006 Words   |  13 PagesBurberry Group plc (BRBY) - Financial and Strategic SWOT Analysis Review Summary Burberry Group plc (Burberry) is into the global luxury sector. It works in the designing, marketing and sourcing of outerwear, women’s wear, men’s wear, non-apparel and children’s wear categories. It distributes through a diversified network of retail, wholesale and licensing channels worldwide. The company operates its business in three ways by region, by product and by channel. Burberry distributes its productsRead MoreBurberry Strategy2479 Words   |  10 Pagesdesigner label, Burberry GRP. In particular, the research will focus on the Strategic Business Unit of Burberry; understanding and explaining how they utilize the resources and competencies to achieve a competitive advantage. In order to do this, this paper will address on theory based from work in the areas of the ‘Resource-Based View’ and ‘Resources and Capabilities’ as well as using theoretical frameworks to give a holistic view of the strategic issues Burberry. After their reform, Burberry recoveredRead MoreBrand and Burberry Essay3346 Words   |  14 PagesSummary Burberry, founded in 1856, is a leading international luxury brand. Burberry designs, manufactures and licenses apparel and accessories for distribution through its own stores and network of prestige retailers worldwide. In early 1998, the new management team at Burberry set out its strategy to reposition and revitalise the brand, which resulted in significantly improved results and strengthened the base to build the business. With continuous growth since last five years, Burberry has faced

Having a First Year Marriage Baby Free Essays

A new baby inevitably shifts the balance of your relationship. For some this is a positive shift, but for many others it can bring up a range of challenging issues. A baby changes everything as they say. We will write a custom essay sample on Having a First Year Marriage Baby or any similar topic only for you Order Now If a couple has a strong marriage before having children, chances are it will remain as such, if not strengthen due to the bond between the husband and wife who must now parent together. If a couple’s relationship was weak, either they will grow more distant after a baby is thrown into the mix, or once again, the bond of being parents will bring them closer together. In fact, contrary to the popular belief that having a baby brings couples closer, studies on marriage often show that having children leads to a decrease in marital satisfaction and happiness. One of the negative ways a baby affects marriage is the amount of time and energy she requires from her parents. A parent who cares for this demanding human day and night may have little left to offer his or her spouse. The lack of intimacy that can result and cause resentment on one or both sides can be crippling. For starters, couples have about one-third the time together as they did before the birth of their child, and they have added financial responsibilities. One thing that will change is your conversations. You will find that you are talking less about current events and more about future events This is certainly not to say that having a child means your marriage is doomed. What it means is you should take the time to care for and nurture your marriage, whether you’re a parent already or soon plan to be. How to cite Having a First Year Marriage Baby, Papers

Composition Corporate Social Responsibility â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Composition Corporate Social Responsibility? Answer: Introduction Corporate Social Responsibility or CSR is the modern structure of corporations ethical principles. CSR defines a corporations ethics or duties towards different stakeholders. The popularity of CSR has developed considerably in between large organisations due to globalisation. While conducting their business in forging countries, the international corporations are required to maintain certain ethical regulations for not misusing their position to augment revenues. Most of the organisations misuse their CSR policies to enhance their revenues. There are no strict guidelines provided by the government that ensures the proper implementation of CSR strategy by a firm. This essay will evaluate different advantages and disadvantages of CSR strategy and its influence over a company. Further, the essay will determine the actual position of CSR strategies from different corporations perspective and discuss theories provided by various experts on the same topic. Analysis of Corporate Social Responsibility The requirement and popularity of CSR strategies have grown considerably in past few years, with the improvement of companys role. As per Hopkins (2012), modern organisations have a reputation in between people; the companies can face significant losses if they lose their reputation in the marketing. CSR strategy ensures corporations positive steps towards the welfare of society and environment. A maximum number of large organisations have implemented some type of CSR policy. These policy shifts corporations primary focus from revenue based on welfare based. CSR policies require the organisation to implement certain policies to protect the interest of various stakeholders such as workers, customers, environment, supplier, and shareholders (Crane, Matten, and Spence, 2013). One of the primary advantages of CSR policies is that it helps organisations in their recruitment and retention procedure. As per Saeidi et al. (2015), a corporation with an effective CSR policy provides various benefits to their employees since they are part of stakeholders. The employees are treated as an integral part of the organisation, without them the corporation cannot function. Other than monetary incentives, the employee receives various other non-monetary rewards as well, such as opportunities for growth and scholarships. Apple, Google, Amazon and various other large corporations are known for their effective CSR policies regarding employees. According to Edmans (2012), most people in the world already want to work for these corporations which make the recruitment process easier for human resource management. The incentives provided by these corporations to employees help them in retention process. Google has won the best place to work award several times. Google provides its employees family time, personal projects time, free snacks and scholarships for further studies. The corporations with effective CSR strategies have a high reputation in the market when compared to companies with no CSR policies. According to Aguinis and Galvas (2012), a maximum number of multinational corporations already implemented CSR policies which assist them while operating in foreign countries. CSR policies include various steps taken by the company regarding protection of entrainment. Corporations such as Apple, Starbucks, and Google are known for their CSR policies regarding protection of the environment. These corporations while manufacturing their products did not use the environmental hazardous material, and also operates their activities using natural energy. Apple uses solar energy to operate its factoring in China and to run its data center in the United States. They are also committed to manufacturing 100 percent recyclable products which can be refurbished and used for other purposes (Brammer, Jackson and Matten, 2012). By effective implementation of CSR strategy, a corporation can attract a large number of investors. Calabrese et al. (2013) provided that the CSR strategy requires corporations to maintain transparency in its transaction which provided a correct valuation of the organisation in financial accounts. It is difficult for companies with effective CSR policies to conduct fraud with its investors. According to Tai and Chuang (2014), the financiers feel that their money is safe in the organisation with CSR strategy because they provide regular disclosures of their performance. Investors can easily measure a corporations performance and decide to invest in such company. Another advantage of CSR strategy is that it increases the sales of a company. As per a study conducted over online retailers, most of them provided that they prefer to buy products from an organisation with environmentally friendly policies (Servaes and Tamayo, 2013). The development in peoples lifestyle increases the requirement of quality and environmentally friendly products. Due to such demand, the corporations can charge a higher amount than their competitors and still sell more products. Apple and Starbucks are good examples, both corporations maintain environmental friendly strategies and charge a high price for their products but still, their products are purchased by a large number of customers. With all such benefits, there are several shortcomings of CSR strategy as well. The main drawback of implementing CSR strategy is that it changes the preferences of a company. As per Dam and Scholtens (2012), a corporation is based upon revenue based model and their primary objective is to raise their revenues. But after implementing CSR policies, a corporation has to shift its focus to welfare based objectives. By establishing welfare based strategy, instead of enhancing their revenues the corporation has to focus regarding their welfare of society which can be affecting a companys financial status adversely. An effective CSR strategy increases the expenditures of the corporation because the company has to implement environmental friendly technology and pay extra benefits to their employees. Fransen (2013) provided that most organisations avoid implementing environmental friendly technology due to its high cost, for example, converting whole data center or factories electricity with solar or wind energy cost high expenses such as solar panels are expensive and building new channels for electricity. The incentives are given by corporations to their employees also increase their expenses and the time given to them for personal things reduces their overall work. Increase in expenses eventually reduces corporations profits. Proper CSR policies provided various benefits to stakeholders, one of which includes full and regular disclosure by companys directors regarding organisations performance and future goals. Investors can use such information to decide whether they want to invest their capital in the organisation. But from corporations perspective, regular disclosure can be frustrating and risky. For regular disclosure, the company will require hiring new staff and maintain the record for every small decision, which can be frustrating for the directors. And the future goals disclosed by the company can be used by their competitors while making their competitive strategies (Hsu and Cheng, 2012). Another drawback of CSR strategy is that it is in demand in developed countries, but in developing countries or underdeveloped countries, the CSR policy is not demanded by customers. According to Rao and Tilt (2016), in developed countries, most customers can afford to pay extra for environmentally friendly products but in developing countries, the customers prefer less expensive products. The corporations can face significant loss if they start charging a high price for similar products in the market. For example, while entering in India, Starbucks enter into a joint venture with Tata groups to keep their products prices low, according to the customer requirements. In case of developed countries, if the customers did not see any significant progress quickly, they might change their decision for using the environmentally friendly product and it is tough for corporations to measure their environmental impact. Even with numerous shortcomings, the impact of CSR strategy has been overall beneficial for the society. As per Loannou and Serafeim (2015), due to CSR policies, most large organisations act as a corporate citizen and did not abuse their power to enhance their revenues. The disclosure made by corporations ensures that proper information is given to stakeholders regarding companys performance and it reduces the fraud made by organisations. The effect of CSR policies over the environment has been great which helps in reducing pollution in several cities. But, still, there is a requirement of strict guidelines to enforce the CSR policies over organisations. Many large organisations still abuse their position, for example, Volkswagen has implemented a CSR policy regarding environmental protection but in the recent controversy, theory found guilty of using the highly polluted material in their vehicles. In 2014, the corporations such as Starbucks and Google, which are known for implementing strict CSR policies, has found guilty of tax evasion in the United Kingdom. Apple has been involved in a controversy regarding their factories in China, which makes their employees work under dangerous working environmental with a considerably low salary (Fisher, 2014). Incidents such as this show the requirement of strict implementation of CSR policy by the government for the benefit of society and environment. Conclusion In conclusion, the CSR strategy has gained significant popularity in past few years, but there is still a long way for global implementation. Most corporations still avoid implementing CSR strategy due to its shortcomings. The advantages of CSR policies significantly overcome its weakness. It is necessary that small and medium enterprises became aware regarding the benefits of CSR policies. The government should prepare new regulation for strict implementation of CSR policies. Such policies will be beneficial to the interest of society and environment. References Aguinis, H. and Glavas, A., 2012. What we know and dont know about corporate social responsibility: A review and research agenda.Journal of management,38(4), pp.932-968. Brammer, S., Jackson, G. and Matten, D., 2012. Corporate social responsibility and institutional theory: New perspectives on private governance.Socio-economic review,10(1), pp.3-28. Calabrese, A., Costa, R., Menichini, T., Rosati, F. and Sanfelice, G., 2013. Turning Corporate Social Responsibility?driven Opportunities in Competitive Advantages: a Two?dimensional Model.Knowledge and Process Management,20(1), pp.50-58. Crane, A., Matten, D. and Spence, L.J., 2013. Corporate social responsibility in a global context. Dam, L. and Scholtens, B., 2012. Does ownership type matter for corporate social responsibility?.Corporate Governance: An International Review,20(3), pp.233-252. Edmans, A., 2012. The link between job satisfaction and firm value, with implications for corporate social responsibility.The Academy of Management Perspectives,26(4), pp.1-19. Fisher, J.M., 2014. Fairer shores: Tax havens, tax avoidance, and corporate social responsibility.BUL Rev.,94, p Fransen, L., 2013. The embeddedness of responsible business practice: Exploring the interaction between national-institutional environments and corporate social responsibility.Journal of Business Ethics,115(2), pp.213-227. Hopkins, M., 2012.Corporate social responsibility and international development: is business the solution?. Earthscan. Hsu, J.L. and Cheng, M.C., 2012. What prompts small and medium enterprises to engage in corporate social responsibility? A study from Taiwan.Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management,19(5), pp.288-305. Rao, K. and Tilt, C., 2016. Board composition and corporate social responsibility: The role of diversity, gender, strategy and decision making.Journal of Business Ethics,138(2), pp.327-347. Saeidi, S.P., Sofian, S., Saeidi, P., Saeidi, S.P. and Saaeidi, S.A., 2015. How does corporate social responsibility contribute to firm financial performance? The mediating role of competitive advantage, reputation, and customer satisfaction.Journal of Business Research,68(2), pp.341-350. Servaes, H. and Tamayo, A., 2013. The impact of corporate social responsibility on firm value: The role of customer awareness.Management Science,59(5), pp.1045-1061. Tai, F.M. and Chuang, S.H., 2014. Corporate social responsibility.Ibusiness,6(03), p.117.